Access Cholera (Vibrio cholerae O1/O139) case definitions; uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. Epidemic Cholera = Asiatic Cholera = Vibrio cholerae Cholera is an acute, infectious disease characterized by extreme diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps. WHO suggested outbreak case definition Suspected case: In areas where a cholera outbreak has not been declared: any person aged two years and older presenting with acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) and severe dehydration or dying from AWD; Once a cholera outbreak has been declared: any person presenting with or dying from AWD Confirmed case: A good deal of variation was noted in the definitions used for reporting cholera cases, hospitalized cholera cases, and cholera-attributable deaths. Cholera is an acute, highly transmissible, intestinal infection caused by toxigenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139. 1.1.1 Definition. Information and translations of epidemic cholera in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. 1: [ noun ] (medicine) an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food epidemic cholera." 2. We could end up being on the hook for a fucking *cholera . Dictionary entry overview: What does epidemic cholera mean? Cholera Epidemic Associated with Consumption of Unsafe Drinking Water and Street-Vended WaterEastern Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2012 . Login . Wikipedia Dictionaries. [4] [3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. "The Scrap Book, Volume 1, No. Case Definition(s) Cholera (Vibrio cholerae O1/O139) | 1996 Case Definition; Cholera . Cholera strikes fear in many areas as it rapidly spreads and results in death within hours if appropriate therapy is not provided. Login . Transmitted by food or water that has been contaminated with raw sewage, cholera is often fatal and is characterized by severe vomiting, diarrhea, and collapse. We aimed to describe the key epidemiological features of this epidemic, including the drivers of cholera transmission during the outbreak. cholera in American English (klr) noun 1. Cholera diagnosis is based on a standardised clinical case definition. [2] Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. epidemic_cholera has definitions from the field of medicine . One or more of the people infected in the initial wave infected a group of people who become the second wave of infection. (singular: bacterium) single-celled organisms found in every ecosystem on Earth. toxin noun poisonous substance, usually one produced by a living organism. We applied a consistent operational outbreak definition across all regions in our analysis, which assumes that cholera outbreaks are defined by time periods where cholera incidence equals or exceeds the baseline incidence (also called the "outbreak threshold") in a given region (Figure S2). Cholera occurs in both endemic and epidemic patterns. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. 6" by Various. In war-torn Yemen, reports of confirmed cholera started in late September, 2016. The arrival of the disease prompted widespread anti-immigrant . an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food. 1.1.2 Frequency and distribution Cholera is primarily spread by feces-contaminated water and food; or as some say, it is a deadly water borne disease usually resulting from poor hygiene and untreated water. To determine the proportion of reported cholera patients who actually have cholera and to evaluate the clinical case definition used in surveillance, we cultured rectal swabs from patients presenting with acute diarrhea in March 1992 in Trujillo, Peru. Information and translations of epidemic cholera in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a . Cholera epidemic in England. Cholera is endemic in many areas of Asia and Africa. Matched Categories . Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. Colwell's re-definition of cholera offers Thomas a model for answering the question at the heart of Cholera: whether or not during an epidemic, endemic cholera became pathogenic because of an environmental trigger or because an external strain was introduced. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea . [3] It. Cholera Definition Cholera is an acute infectious disease characterized by watery diarrhea that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, first identified by Robert Koch in 1883 during a cholera outbreak in Egypt. Rate this definition: cholera, Asiatic cholera, Indian cholera, epidemic cholera noun. A History of Epidemics in Britain by Charles Creighton (1894) "The Antecedents of epidemic cholera in India. "The Scrap Book, Volume 1, No. Most people with cholera have few or no symptoms, but some. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis: Isolation of toxigenic (i.e. Symptoms Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea. Scholars. 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. So here transmission is person-to-person, rather than from a common source. The CHOLERA EPIDEMIC OF 1832 began in May when an immigrant ship landed at Quebec with cases of Asiatic cholera aboard. The name of the disease comes from a Greek word meaning "flow of bile." Cholera has remained a major public health problem and is endemic in many countries from South Asia and the Bay of Bengal to various parts of Africa.It spreads usually through contaminated food and water, often after civil unrest or . Within 3 months after . Veterinary Science epidemic meaning: 1. the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time: 2. a. The antecedents and circumstances that made the year 1817 so critical for cholera in India, ." 3. 1. an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food Familiarity information: EPIDEMIC CHOLERA used as a noun is very rare. Although the ancient Greek physicians Hippocrates (5th-4th century bce) and Galen (2nd-3rd century ce) referred to an illness that may well have been cholera, and there are numerous hints that a cholera-like malady has been well known in the fertile delta plains of the Ganges River since antiquity, most of what is known . Once established, this definition remains constant over the affected territory for the entire duration of the outbreak. Smallpox, cholera, yellow fever, typhoid, measles, and polio are some of the worst epidemics in American history. An estimated 1.3 to 4 million people around the world get cholera each year and 21,000 to 143,000 people die from it. Also called: Asiatic cholera Pathology an acute, infectious disease, endemic in India and China and occasionally epidemic elsewhere, characterized by profuse diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, etc. Cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera epidemics occur in a longer cycle superimposed on . 1: [ noun ] (medicine) an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic environment and also is the cause of most prevalent water-related infections in many regions of the world. Global Task Force on Cholera Control. Cholera Cholera definition and MSF treatment Project Update 1 January 2001 Related Cholera In 1817, a new and terrible disease moved out of Bengal and began to spread across the world. Because of these variations broad intercountry comparisons (including disease burden calculations and care quality assessments base on case-fatality rates) are difficult to make, and even reported . In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is . Modern sewage and water treatment have virtually eliminated cholera in industrialized countries. This can happen when cholera bacteria spread from a person into drinking water or water used to grow food or prepare food. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal within hours, even in previously healthy people. 2. The STANDS4 Network . Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. An illness characterized by diarrhea and/or vomiting; severity is variable. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and an indicator of inequity and lack of social development. Today, HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis are considered epidemics. Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by the infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholera. The recorded history of cholera is relatively short and remarkable. Short Url. Typically, a case definition has criteria based on the person, place, and time. The 2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak was an epidemic of cholera affecting much of Zimbabwe from August 2008 until June 2009. English Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia. BEIRUT: Lebanon took delivery on Monday of its first vaccines to combat a worsening cholera outbreak together with sharply worded criticism of the crisis-hit country's crumbling . The person is based on what illness they have, the place refers to the place of exposure, and time refers to the time after exposure and the disease's incubation . epidemic_cholera has definitions from the field of medicine . The disease particularly affects communities with poor water and sanitation infrastructure leading to outbreaks, which if not managed properly, have deadly consequences. [3] The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Asiatic cholera, endemic to India, escaped the sub-continent in 1817. infect verb to contaminate with a disease or disease-causing organism. The bacteria lives in warm and salty water and therefore frequents the environment of coastal regions and estuaries. Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139. A review of NCSS data shows that during the first 2 years of the cholera epidemic in Haiti, the cumulative attack rate was 6.1%, with cases reported in all 10 departments. Cholera infection is often mild or without symptoms, but can sometimes be severe and life-threatening. Propagated epidemic curves usually have a series of successively larger peaks, which are one incubation period apart. The methods included: literature reviews of global cholera guidance, cholera and other outbreak management in complex humanitarian emergencies and fragile states, and documents relating to the . Colwell's work "suggests" to Thomas how Victorian cholera epidemics spread along . Laboratory Criteria For Diagnosis Isolation of toxigenic (i.e., cholera toxin-producing) Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 from stool or vomitus, OR Serologic evidence of recent infection Case Classification Confirmed A clinically compatible illness that is laboratory confirmed Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. An estimated 3-5 million cases and over 100,000 deaths occur each year around the world. 20 examples: We also have a responsibility for them, as they have been the victims of an the seat of the did not meet the case definition or did not consent to be capital Freetown and the most densely populated region in interviewed. cholera, an acute infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by extreme diarrhea with rapid and severe depletion of body fluids and salts. Cholera. It started in Marseille and was later called "The Great Plague of Marseille.". The meaning of CHOLERA is any of several diseases of humans and domestic animals usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms; especially : an acute diarrheal disease caused by an enterotoxin produced by a comma-shaped gram-negative bacillus (Vibrio cholerae synonym V. comma) when it is present in large numbers in the proximal part of the human small intestine. Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Methods . A deadly cholera outbreak is spreading "rapidly" across Lebanon, exacerbated by a prolonged economic crisis and crumbling infrastructure, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Monday Cholera is caused by infection with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, which may be transmitted via infected fecal matter, food, or water. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and an indicator of inequity and lack of social development. Case classification: Improvements in sanitation and water supply have since eliminated cholera epidemics in the industrialized world, but the impact of the disease in the U.S. during its most formative years should not be . Causing profuse and violent cramps, vomiting and diarrhea, with dehydration so rapid and severe the blood thickens and the skin becomes deathlike and blue, cholera victims can die in a matter of hours. "Majesty" by Louis Couperus. A Treatise on the Practice of Medicine by George Bacon Wood (1855) "epidemic cholera. WikiMatrix Alternatively, the Red Death may refer to cholera; Poe would have witnessed an epidemic of cholera in Baltimore, Maryland in 1831. Rate this definition: cholera, Asiatic cholera, Indian cholera, epidemic cholera noun. Epidemic cholera continues in Peru. Cholera: An infectious disease characterized by intense vomiting and profuse watery diarrhea and that rapidly leads to dehydration and often death. Since 1991, cholera surveillance in Peru has been based mainly on clinical recognition. An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but can sometimes be severe. The cholera epidemic of 1832 killed thousands of people in Europe and North America and created mass panic across two continents. The researchers estimated the number of deaths as 100,000 . Matched Categories . Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, was a common, fear-inducing, and often fatal occurrence in the United States in the nineteenth century. This can also happen when stool (poop) in sewage gets into the water supply. The STANDS4 Network . World Health Organization. Also called Asiatic cholera. A cholera alert (suspected cholera outbreak) is defined by the detection of at least one of the following: two or more people aged 2 years or older with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration, or dying from acute watery diarrhoea, from the same area, within 1 week of one another. Both children and adults can be infected and the disease remains a major public health problem. The disease spread through the city and quickly up the St. How did cholera start? There is an epidemic of typhoid and there have been many cases of cholera. It caused profuse diarrhoea and vomiting, and its sufferers died of profound dehydration, sometimes within a matter of hours. EPIDEMIC CHOLERA (noun) The noun EPIDEMIC CHOLERA has 1 sense:. In the past two centuries, seven pandemics (global epidemics) of cholera have carried . In its severe form, cholera is characterized by a sudden onset of acute voluminous watery diarrhoea that can rapidly lead to dehydration and death if left untreated. Within 2 days of case enrollment, interviewers Sierra Leone . In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the faeces of an infected person that contaminates water or food. 1. Learn more. The meaning of CHOLERA is any of several diseases of humans and domestic animals usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms; especially : an acute diarrheal disease caused by an enterotoxin produced by a comma-shaped gram-negative bacillus (Vibrio cholerae synonym V. comma) when it is present in large numbers in the proximal part of the human small intestine. Cholera can be a life-threatening disease caused by bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. In 1720 there was a deadly pandemic of bubonic plague. Case Definition(3) Clinical description: An illness characterized by diarrhea and/or vomiting; severity is variable. Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. Cholera has often risen to epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, particularly in India and Bangladesh. What is meant by cholera definition? A person can get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with cholera bacteria. It reached Western Europe in 1831, and was carried to North America in 1832 aboard immigrant ships, breaking out in . Noun 1. epidemic cholera - an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food Asiatic cholera, cholera, Indian cholera infectious disease - a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. Treatment Cholera patients should be evaluated and treated quickly. Cholera Prevention Steps If you live in or are visiting an area where cholera is occurring or has occurred, follow the five basic prevention steps. In the United States, cholera occurs in persons who travel to foreign countries where outbreaks of cholera are occurring and who drink contaminated water and food there, or those who eat raw or undercooked seafood, including seafood from the Gulf of Mexico. Syn.Spasmodic Cholera . Examples of cholera epidemic in a sentence, how to use it. 2. [ ( kol-uh-ruh) ] An acute disease, and an infectious disease, caused by a kind of bacterium that affects the intestines. an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food. vector noun Related to cholera: dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid Cholera Definition Cholera is an acute infectious disease characterized by watery diarrhea that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, first identified by Robert Koch in 1883 during a cholera outbreak in Egypt. The disease continues to plague Yemen today in what has become the largest documented cholera epidemic of modern times. The bacteria typically live in waters that are somewhat salty and warm, such as estuaries and waters along coastal. A person can get cholera from unsafe food or water. A case definition is a set of criteria for deciding whether someone is a patient of the outbreak. Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. The cholera epidemics that struck Philadelphia in 1832, 1849, and 1866 provided a catalyst for transforming the health and hygiene standards of the city. With modern sanitation, cholera is no longer as common as it once was, but epidemics still occur whenever people . The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a cholera case as follows Citation 1. A person can get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with cholera bacteria. Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Astoundingly, when the epidemic struck New York City it prompted as many as 100,000 people, nearly half the city's population, to flee to the countryside. In Asia, cholera occurs seasonally before and after the monsoon rains , and the incidence of disease peaks in children younger than five years, and may occur in neonates (32;33). The rapid onset of symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting resulted in dehydration from fluid loss, lethargy, erratic heartbeat, sunken eyes and dry and shrivelled skin with a characteristic bluish tinge. 5" by Various. Acute watery diarrhoea is an illness characterized by three or more loose or watery (non-bloody) stools within a 24-hour period. epidemic cholera: 1 n an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food Synonyms: Asiatic cholera , Indian cholera , cholera Type of: infectious disease a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The name of the disease comes from a Greek word meaning "flow of bile." VIDEO: What caused a waterborne outbreak in Tennessee? cholera toxinproducing) - Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 from stool or vomitus, or Serologic evidence of recent infection. VIDEO: Courier service impacts public health in Utah; VIDEO: New . People typically acquire cholera from contaminated water. Approximately one in 10 (5 to 10 percent) infected persons . Epidemic cholera Definition from Encyclopedia Dictionaries & Glossaries. Yellow fever epidemic in Gulf States, and cholera in Europe. Cholera is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. epidemic noun outbreak of an infectious disease able to spread rapidly.