The facial muscles are a group of striated skeletal muscles supplied by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) that, among other things, control facial expression. The findings indicate that the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are not independent groups, and their fibers form a three-dimensional latticework. Intrinsic originate from the scapula and/or clavicle, and attach to the humerus. The muscles of the shoulder are associated with movements of the upper limb. There are four orthogonally related intrinsic tongue muscles (verticalis, transversus, superior, and inferior longitudinal) and four extrinsic tongue muscles (genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus). Methods. Functional deficits in tongue movement contribute to a host of disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (), dysarthria, and dysphagia (24).To date, studies that have examined the respiratory-related control of the tongue have focused primarily Structure. Differing definitions exist across specialties 1-4.The following is a synthesis of radiologically useful boundaries for each level. Membranes and Ligaments. The extrinsic muscles move the whole tongue in different directions, whereas the intrinsic muscles allow the tongue to change its shape (such as, curling the tongue in a loop or flattening it). It is the only extraocular muscle innervated Tip: this is the front part of the tongue. These muscles are also called mimetic muscles.They are only found in mammals, although they derive from neural crest cells found in all vertebrates. ; The deep muscles develop embryologically in the back, and are thus Superficial (Extrinsic) muscles of back; Deep (Intrinsic) muscles of back; Anterolateral muscles of trunk; Muscles of pelvic floor; This eBook contains high-quality illustrations and validated information about each muscle. Gross anatomy. The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle originating in the upper, medial side of the orbit (i.e. The medial pterygoid muscle consists of two heads. The muscles of the shoulder are associated with movements of the upper limb. D) intrinsic. The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. The facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland, as does the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein.The external carotid artery forms its two The extrinsic muscles begin somewhere outside of the tongue and end in the tongue, and are responsible for moving the tongue in different directions. In all the ten cases, the extrinsic muscles were located at the periphery of the tongue. B) extrinsic. These various muscles are grouped as intrinsic muscles (those entirely within the tongue that affect shape) and extrinsic muscles (those that originate outside the tongue, attach to it and surrounding bones, and affect its position). medially by the aryepiglottic fold and arytenoid and cricoid cartilages; laterally by the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane; superiorly by the level of the hyoid bone; inferiorly by the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage Each half contain two sets of muscles, an intrinsic and extrinsic set. C) profundus. It arises from the medial end of the superciliary arch.Its fibers pass upward and laterally, between the palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle.It inserts into the deep surface of the skin of the The extrinsic muscles are the genioglossus, the hyoglossus, the styloglossus, and the palatoglossus, and the intrinsic muscles are the superior longitudinal, the inferior longitudinal, the transverse, and the vertical muscles. B) the muscles of vocal expression. There is a midline fibrous septum which divides it into two equal halves i.e right and left halves. Muscles of Tongue. The extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerves. They control crude movements and produce a forceful grip. D) intrinsic. Recurrent involuntary contraction of one or more muscles of the neck (e.g., sternocleidomastoid, splenius, trapezius, posterior cervical) Detrusor overactivity (also known as detrusor hyperreflexia) or detrusorsphincter dyssynergia due to spinal cord - injury or disease. Under normal circumstances, the tongue is a pink, muscular organ located within the oral cavity proper. Buy on iBooks. The tongue is a mass of muscles covered by a mucous membrane that is important for taste sensation. Rectus muscles: 2 = superior, 3 = inferior, 4 = medial, 5 = lateral Oblique muscles: 6 = superior, 8 = inferior Other muscle: 9 = levator palpebrae superioris Other structures: 1 = Annulus of Zinn, 7 = Trochlea, 10 = Superior tarsus, 11 = Sclera, 12 = Optic nerve Level I: submental and submandibular The extrinsic muscles all include the word root glossus (glossus = tongue), and the muscle names are derived from where the muscle originates. The bulk of the muscle arises as a deep head from just above the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.The smaller, superficial head originates from the maxillary tuberosity and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.. Its fibers pass downward, lateral, and posterior, and are inserted, by a strong tendinous ; The opisthenar area (dorsal) is the corresponding area on the posterior part of the hand. Myotonia congenita is characterized by muscle stiffness present from childhood; all striated muscle groups including the extrinsic eye muscles, facial muscles, and tongue may be involved. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen or opening in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. . Anatomy. Besides the muscles, the other important feature of the tongue is its mucosa. 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